Your city's water department may have recently swabbed and flushed water mains to loosen and dislodge any buildup in the pipes, to allow debris to be flushed from fire hydrants. As this is usually performed as a maintenance procedure, a notice is typically circulated to prewarn residents not to use water on those days.
If there has been a fire or other use of a nearby fire hydrant or if there has been a damaged water main, often the sudden higher than usual flow of water will dislodge built-up sediment within the pipes. If the water main is damaged below ground, soil will sometimes enter the pipe and will be pushed further down the line once water service is restored. Those situations are usually unanticipated so no prior warning will be given.
Suggest bypassing your softener, remove the shower head and allow water to flow unrestricted through the shower riser to flush out the debris until fully eliminated.
Faucet aerators should also be removed to allow those faucets and the aerators to be individually flushed until water runs clear. Start with faucets located farthest from where the water enters the building.
Hoses supplying laundry equipment will typically contain a screen in each connection to the shut-off valve or at the equipment, so they too will need to be cleared out.
If you have a tank type water heater, there should be a valve close to the bottom of the tank to allow a garden hose to be connected to flush-out debris from the tank.
Finally, un-bypass the softener and perform a manual regeneration which will include backwashing the resin to flush-out sediment and debris that may have entered. If the drain line can be temporarily directed to a laundry sink or other suitable drain or container, you can then observe if any debris is being discharged during the backwash portion of the regeneration cycle.