BW 10 minutes is usually more than adequate for carbon or clinoptilolite. Iron reduction medias vary greatly with the media. Pyrolox and Filox use shorter but much stronger backwashes, Katalox, Birm etc will benefit from a longer backwash. The variables are infinite so no exact number is correct.
The first set of pins is the backwash, the gap is the brine draw or "rest" cycle.. a fancy name for "this is a mechanical valve, keep it simple". The secons set of pins is the raid rinse. This function is really misunderstood. We were all trained that this is to repack the bed. This is patially true but the real function of the rapid rinse is to expel the water from the tank that is not well filters eg: the backwash water. If you skipped the RR cycle, the water in the bottom of the tank would basically be untreated water. The next gap is the "turn off rapid rinse... or brine fill on a softener. The next set op pins is "turn off brine fill" if it were a softener. The timer then continues around to the very end where the inner microswitch will cycle the valve to the "true home" position. Leave it as is, maybe shorten the RR cycle to 4-6 minutes, and all is fine. The rest of the gaps and pins are not critical.
5 pins, 2 holes, 4 pins, 2 holes, 2 pins....