Make sure the stop valve at the wall/floor is not almost closed.
Some fill valves have a filter at the input point that can clog.
If that filter is not easily found and cleaned, replace the fill valve.
The stop valve at the floor that lets the water into the tank is at full.
The "fill valve" (not shown in the photo) is that plastic tube where the small rubber hose goes into, correct?
I turned off the water and i flushed the toilet to empty the tank so i could shine a flashlight down the tube. It's not blocked.
However, in the past, whenever i looked into a tank, i noticed the little rubber hoses (that goes into the tube) always had water coming out of them. Not my small black rubber hose, though - no water is coming out of it and no water is going into the fill valve when i turn the water back on.
I blew into the top of the small, black, rubber hose, and saw air bubbles coming out from the bottom, where it connects - so that small, black, rubber hose is not blocked.
Also, i noticed that when the tank was empty and it was refilling, water was coming out from where i marked the photo in red. So, water is shooting out from there and is almost hitting the inside of the tank (behind that white button) when the tank refills when the tank is 100% empty.
For a normal flush (when the tank is full), there is usually a bit of water at the bottom of the tank when the flapper closes the hole. So, once the flapper shuts down on the drain, i can't see the water squirting up onto the inside of the tank because there is still some water in the tank.
As the water was squirting out from where is shown in red, it stopped squirting when i pressed down on that rectangular-shaped piece under the red markings (that was when the tank was 100% empty and refilling).
Thank you for all the help and comments, so far, everyone.