A 5 or 10 micron cartridge filter would remove sand and sediment. A backwashing carbon filter of the right kind would remove chloromine or chlorine. That is a more premium thing. An upflow carbon filter without backwashing is not as good as a backwashing unit. A cartridge filter after the carbon makes sense to pick up particles that could break off of the carbon.
Look in your aerator screens. Do you see sand? A 100 micron cartridge filter would have removed that before it continued. A 10 micron filter would remove that plus other stuff that an aerator screen would not catch.
Do people smell chlorine in your water? Water from the treatment plant should arrive at you with 0.5 to 4 ppm of chlorine if they use chlorine, and I expect there is a similar spec for chloromine. If you are at the end of the line, a chlorine removal is less important than if you are where the chlorine coming in is stronger. Ask your water department/company what they use.
Carbon that removes the disinfectant makes the softener resin last longer. With no big carbon filter, make sure the resin is 10% crosslinked.
Cartridge carbon filters have too much backpressure and have short lives.
Ask your providers how long the media is expected to last. Also ask what it costs to swap media at current prices (future prices will be affected by inflation).