An old toilet might have needed to dump 3.5 or even more (some as much as 7 gallons on really old ones). That takes more time for the tank to empty to perform the flush. Then, those old ones typically had a 2" diameter flapper valve...the modern ones (nearly all of the Totos) use a 3" diameter one. The extra water pressing down on the larger flapper may be part of the extra force needed to open it to flush. Since the tanks are smaller too, you can only do so much with a lever...IOW, it would become convoluted to try to make it easier...sure, it could be done, but nobody feels it's necessary. Have you tried to flush a pressure-assisted toilet? Those take yet again more force to open up the valve under pressure verses a gravity flush toilet.
Modern toilets generally do not empty the tank when you flush (unless you hold the handle down) - they use the extra volume and height to provide some of the oomph to make it flush.
To properly flush a modern toilet, push the lever fully down to the stop, and let go. It is timed, so if you did it slowly, you'll likely end up dumping more water than design. Should you really want to use more water, you could hold it down until the tank emptied, but that's rarely needed, or a good idea. A modern, well-designed toilet can do some amazing things with a small amount of water compared to many older toilets.