Just tried it
I just tried regluing a PVC joint that broke. I wiped it as dry as I could, then scraped it with some aluminum oxide emory paper. After putting on a bunch of purple primer, I put on the cement and reaffixed the joint. After that, for good measure, I wiped it again and did the same procedure around the outside of the joint. It seems to have worked. I don't know how much the original sealant renders the PVC impervious to solvents. In this case, there was some white PVC left that had not been coated by whatever someone used to seal it in the first place. I also found that there was pressure on the pipe from a framing member that had been installed after the plumbing was done. This probably contributed or actually caused the bust. I thought it might have been better to notice this before I glued the pipe, because the joint I reglued was less than perfect in terms of angle, but oh well it seems to have stuck. I was doing the kind of "handyman" work described in this comment stream after a plumber had been at it, and to avoid a "real" plumber getting involved. One thing I'll say, when I do that stuff, I always make the homeowner/landlord very aware that I am not a licensed plumber, and I can't guarantee my work in the same way. People appreciate that, even if they're nervous, they know I'm not trying to "chew and screw".