There's likely a copper or brass sleeve that is leaded into the hub of the cast iron. Then, the lead is sweated to it.
If you remove all of that down to the bare CI hub, they make rubber donuts to fit in the hub that will seal around a PVC pipe. They come in incremental sizes. To get the right one, you should, ideally, measure the hub once you've removed the existing stuff. Just like with Goldilocks, you need it just right or it will either leak, or be a major bear to assemble, if you can at all. PVC is standard, hubs are not, which is why they make them in numerous sizes.
To remove the lead in the joint, drill it like swiss cheese, then, you can lever the stub sticking out a bit and pull it out. The holes give the lead that's left a place to collapse, giving you a bit more room. There will be some oakum in there as well. A wire brush will clean it up, ready for the donut. If you use some dishwashing soap on the pvc pipe, it will make it easier to insert the pipe. Build the rest up with PVC. BOth the pvc and donut need to be tight to make the seal - the pipe will be, the donut might not if you don't get the right size for the hub.