Our largest concern with our well sourced municipal water is Arsenic. In addition, our town is surrounded by highly sprayed agriculture crops and when we installed our point-of-use RO unit, there was a CCA wood treatment plant within town, close to one of the municipal wells. That treatment plant now produces treated lumber with chemicals that are supposedly safer, but time may prove otherwise.
We do not typically consume non RO water. We usually will take a supply of water with us when away from home. On the odd occasion we purchase bottled water, we always attempt to obtain RO if possible.
The RO membrane will remove sodium and most other elements including minerals and metals. Chemicals such as chlorine or chloramine will be removed by the carbon block filter(s) located prior to the membrane.
There are plenty of low cost units produced offshore, often made with low quality components. Recommend to obtain brands that utilize North America produced components such as Pentek, Omnipure, John Guest, Aquatec etc.
While most systems will utilize inexpensive and commonly available 2.5"X 10" filter cartridges, for ease of filter and membrane replacement, you may wish to consider a system equipped with quick change components such as Omnipure Q series filters. Use of a Pentair GRO membrane will reduce the amount of waste water compared to conventional RO membranes, and as the GRO is supplied in a sealed enclosure, the entire enclosure will be simply and quickly replaced as needed (typically 3-5 years).