What about lowering a smaller submersible well pump partially down the well 180-240 ft. I only intend to fill a cistern or storage tank, so there is no pressurization required.
Since you ran out of water in your test, it does not sound as if you should set the pump higher than it is. A pump that pumped slower would be better.
I know 220v will always be the most efficient, but a dole valve could lower the out put to 1-2 gallons per minute and fill the top 200 gallons with a pump up float switch.
There is a lot more to selecting a pump than voltage. For typical pumps, the motor spins at about the same speed (roughly 3500 RPM whether they are "115" or "230". The motors of the pumps can have different horsepower (HP). A 1/2 HP motor produces the same power whether it is "115" or "230". The 230 versions have lower losses in the wires leading to the pump because they will draw half of the amps. They can have different numbers of stages. For your job, you should probably want a 1/2 or 3/4 HP pump with enough stages. You will want more stages than for a pump designed to work at 80 feet.
Looking at the Franklin J class, for example, a 5 GPM pump would have 13 stages with 1/2 HP, 18 for 3/4, and 22 for 1 HP. For filling your tank without exhausting your well, and for saving electricity, I think the 1/2 HP 5 GPM pump works for you. The attached file shows what the pump produces at various depths measured from the input to the tank down to the surface of the well water. It does not matter significantly how far down the pump is, as long as the pump is below the water surface.
You will want to look at the 0 PSI or the 10 PSI line since you are not using this pump to provide pressure to the house. Note that the pump pumps water slower as the level of the water drops. That is good.